STOCKHOLM (AP) — The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their groundbreaking work on quantum tunneling, a pivotal element in the field of quantum mechanics that enhances digital communication and computing technologies.
John Clarke, speaking via mobile phone, highlighted the practical impact of their research, stating, “One of the underlying reasons that cellphones work is because of all this work.” Clarke, aged 83, carried out his work at the University of California, Berkeley. His fellow laureates, Martinis and Devoret, are affiliated with the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Yale University, respectively. Clarke expressed his delight at sharing the award with his colleagues.
Jean Martinis, the spouse of John M. Martinis, mentioned her husband was unaware of the accolade as he was still sleeping when contacted by reporters. She noted that they had previously stayed up to hear the award announcements but had prioritized rest this year. Devoret was unavailable for comment.
The Significance of Their Research
The trio’s research, originating in the mid-1980s, explored the peculiarities of quantum mechanics, focusing on subatomic interactions and their larger-scale applications. Jonathan Bagger, CEO of the American Physical Society, emphasized how this research could revolutionize computing and communication systems.
Quantum mechanics, a century-old discipline, investigates phenomena where particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously and penetrate seemingly impassable barriers. Richard Fitzgerald, editor-in-chief of Physics Today, described their achievement as translating tiny, intangible quantum effects into recognizable, practical applications.
Implications for Technology
Their work lays a foundation for the burgeoning field of quantum mechanics, with potential applications in quantum computing and other technologies. Mark Pearce, an astrophysics professor and Nobel Committee member, noted the potential use of quantum computers and sensors for precise measurements and secure communication.
While the exact implications of their research on current technologies like cellphones are debated, Bagger and Fitzgerald acknowledged its significant role in enhancing the sensitivity of devices like magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs).
“Quantum mechanics is everywhere in everything we do, from the cellphone to the satellite communications that are connected to the cellphones to the screens on which we watch our videos on our cellphones,” Bagger stated, underscoring the pervasive influence of quantum mechanics.
Reactions from the Laureates
Clarke expressed surprise and elation upon receiving the news. His daughter was the first to inform him, and he described the award as a completely unexpected honor. “To put it mildly, it was the surprise of my life,” Clarke remarked during the announcement call.
Context and Other Nobel Awards
This marks the 119th occasion the Nobel Prize in Physics has been conferred. In the previous year, the award recognized artificial intelligence pioneers John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their contributions to machine learning. The 2025 Nobel Prize week commenced with the Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi for their immune system research.
Further Nobel announcements are scheduled, including the Chemistry Prize on Wednesday, Literature on Thursday, and the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics will conclude the announcements on October 13.
The awards ceremony will occur on December 10, commemorating the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel, the founder of the prizes. Each prize includes a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor, equivalent to nearly $1.2 million.
